APRIL 30 - The Path to Nicaraguan Independence

The official flag of the Republic of Nicaragua, first adopted in 1908 and made official in 1971. The flag of the Federal Republic of Central America and the Cathedral de Santiago located in Nicaragua’s capital of Managua

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On this day in 1838, Nicaragua becomes leaves the Federal Republic of Central America (made up of the present-day countries of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua) to become a sovereign nation. From the 16th century until 1821, Central America (except Panama), formed the Captaincy General of Guatemala within the Spanish Empire. On 15 September 1821, the Act of Indepence of Central America took force, making the region independent from Spain. This independence was short-lived and in 1822, Central America was absorbed into the First Mexican Empire. In 1923, Mexico became a republic and offered the Central American provinces the right to determine their own destinies. On 1 July 1923, the Congress of Central America declared independence from an foreign nation and established a republican system of government. With mounting difficulutes, the Federation feel in to civil war between 1838 and 1840. The dissolution of the Federation began in 1838 when Nicaragua separated, followed shortly by Honduras and Costa Rica. The union effectively ended in 1840 but by that time 4 or the 5 had declared independence. The Union was officially ended in February 1841 when El Salvador proclaimed the establishment of an independent republic. Over the next several decades, other attempts at a unified Central American federation would be attempted with the last coming to an end in 1922.

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